Bone Marrow Transplant
Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) replaces damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy stem cells to treat blood cancers and marrow failure syndromes.
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Overview
Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) replaces damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy stem cells to treat blood cancers and marrow failure syndromes.
Procedure
Stem cells are harvested from the patient (autologous) or a donor (allogeneic). The patient receives high-dose chemotherapy, followed by an IV infusion of the stem cells.
✅ Benefits
Potential cure for leukemias, lymphomas, and severe aplastic anemia. Restores healthy blood cell production.
⚠️ Risks
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), severe infections during the neutropenic phase, organ toxicity, and graft failure.
🔄 Recovery
Hospital stay: 3-4 weeks in sterile isolation. Full immune recovery takes 6-12 months.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between autologous and allogeneic BMT?
Autologous uses the patient's own cells, while allogeneic uses a matched donor's cells, which carries a risk of GVHD but offers a graft-versus-tumor effect.
How is the donor matched?
Donors are matched using HLA (human leukocyte antigen) typing to ensure immune compatibility.